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COMPLETE GUIDE AND HISTORY 

£ MJ C ^ R’»CL. •; 

INA CA^ITOLA EMERY, Editor-Publisher 































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George Washington was born February 22, 1732. 192,3 


Inaugurated the first President of the United States, April 30, 
1789, in the city of New York which was then the Capital. 

Died at Mount Vernon, Virginia, December 14, 1799. 

Buried in the Vault at Mount Vernon, Virginia. i 


AUTHORIZED BY CONGRESS 

This book has been at the Washington Monument for more than twenty 
years by authority of both houses of Congress and with the approval of every 
Secretary of War since, and including, Redfield Proctor of Vermont, and of 
Chiefs of Engineers in the War Department. Congress authorized its sale at 
the Monument following a hearing accorded its author by the House Com¬ 
mittee on Appropriations. It has had the approval of many public men, 
including leaders in both political parties in Congress, of editors, of educators 
nd prominent men and women in various lines of activity in all sections of 
the United States. It has been of very wide constructive service to the public, 
including use as a textbook in public schools and in broadcasting to the 
remotest parts of the world America’s tribute to its greatest Patriot. 



Copyrighted, 1920 


By 


INA CAPITOLA EMERY 

© Cl A753332 


/F3 

1 6 1923 


J 








THE BLOCK OF MARBLE FROM ROME AND WEISHAMPEL’S ADDRESS. 


Pai'turiunt monies , nascitur ridiculus mus. 


The nineteenth century does not seem to be less bigoted and intolerant than the fifteenth. It is lamentable to see to what lengths men 
even of the present enlightened age will go, and what absurdities they will commit, under the bewildering iufluence of fanaticism. These 
remarks have been suggested by the perusal of an Address, written and published by an individual who calls himself J T. Weishampel, 
of Baltimore, in which he appeals to the Protestants of the United States to oppose the placing of the block of marble proposed to be sent 
from Rome by the Pope in the Monument of Washington now in progress in this city. He affects to be prodigiously alarmed lest it 
should be a stratagem on the part of the Pope to translate the See of Rome to the city of Washington, where “ ultimately he may modestly 
erect his heaven-on-earth throne in Father Matthews’ cathedral near the base of the monument, bearing the predictive inscription, ‘ Rome to 
America : ’ ” and very wisely and knowingly adds the query, “ Had Father Matthew an eye to that when travelling through the United 
States? ” thus ignorantly blending the Rev. Mr. Matthews of this city with the great Irish apostle of Temperance ; and embellishes his 
paragraph with the following beautiful specimen of doggerel: 

“ When the great holy Potentate 
Removes from Rome in royal state, 

And * to America ’ shall come, 

Where else but here will then be Rome ? ” 

To this nonsense he adds : “ So far no other foreign Power has made any similar proffer, and the likelihood is that none will, for the 
very good reason that the monument is an American affair altogether.” The Swiss Government has asked to be permitted to place a block 
of stone in the Monument of the illustrious Washington, as a testimonial, like that of the Pope, of its respect for, and high appreciation of, 
the character of that distinguished patriot, and the offer has been accepted by the Board of Managers, and the stone, when it reaches its place 
of destination, will, I presume, be placed in the monument. The presentation of blocks to be deposited in this structure from foreign sources 
does not destroy or impair its nationality. It is still, and ever will be, the Monument of Washington, erected by the American people, if 
the American people will contribute the means necessary to complete it, which, I regret to say, seems at present somewhat doubtful, lhe 
blocks thus furnished add but little to its elevation, and are only and exclusively evidences of the estimation and respect in which the memory 
of Washington is held both at home and abroad ; and it strikes me as being exceedingly absurd and improper to oppose this disposition 
to manifest such a feeling, come from what quarter it may. I am not sure that the people of foreign countries have not as high an admira¬ 
tion and feel as profound a respect for the character of Washington as his own countrymen, and it would not be right or even decorous 
to treat that feeling with indifference or contempt. If foreign Governments, whether Catholic or Protestant, monarchical or republican be 
disposed to contribute in any manner to this shrine of public and private virtue, it surely does not become Americans to object to it. Such a 
manifestation of respect is honorable to the patriot, and should be gratifying to his countrymen. Washington belongs to the world as well 
as to his native country. All who love virtue and eminent public and private worth must love and venerate his character and do homage to his 
memory. Animated by this sentiment, should the Emperors of Russia and Austria, or the Grand Sultan, feel disposed to send a block of 
marble to be placed in the Monument of Washington, could any reasonable objection be made or the offer refused by the Board of Man- 

•- ‘ — -republican Government whicn he was 

age* of Rome, taken too, as is said, from 

i estimation in which the character of 

1 e by the author of the two penny pam¬ 
phlet under review, and 1 trust will be so regaiu^ unprejuuiceu 'mu ’patiimTc vm 2 ,en oi xvfalkL 

scared at bugbears, and, in the fury of his fanaticism and tolly, fancies he sees a foreign papist wending his way up the quadrang 
of the monument, and he passes the hundreds of inscriptions, but with little emotion ; butsuddenly his eyes rest upon “ Rome to h 
Instantly he makes the sign of the cross, bows, and perhaps exclaims, “ Holy Mother, here is the blessed gift of his Holiness.” H 
and balderdash would not deserve even a passing notice, if the man, in his madness, had not, either to rm-ke a penny or acquire 
toriety, sent his silly address to all parts of the country, and endeavoured to excite the prejudices of Protestants against this harm let 
of the Pope. To my utter astonishment, it seems to have had some effect; for it would appear that sundry citizens of Philadelphia 
held meetings on the subject, and protested against the reception of the block of marble proffered by the temporal Government of Ro, 
be placed in the Monument of Washington, and accepted by the Board of Managers, (not a committee,) as they conceived it proper te 
These men, as well as the bigoted author of the address, seem to be under the conviction that by placing this stone in the monument t. 
Protestant sects of all denominations are to be annihilated, and Catholicism is to become triumphant in our country. Is not this the very 
quintescence of folly? “Rome in America,” and not “Rome to America,” observes this petty pamphleteer, will be the appropriate inscription. 

“ It is feared by many,” he says, “ that the Papal throne will be removed to America ; and if it ever be located here, those significant words 
will be referred to by his adherents as an inspired prophecy of the change of location of that holy Power.” Why, does not this silly 
agitator know that if the Pope himself were to emigrate to this country he would be regarded as nbthing more than one of its citizens, and 
that he would have no more temporal power here than the humblest of them ? “ Rome to America ! ” What other more suitable inscrip¬ 
tion could be made ? Was not Rome a republic for near five hundred years? And Rome, once the mistress of the world, the “ Niobe of 
nations,” presents to the last offspring of republicanism a tribute of respect and veneration to this great republic, in honor of the memory 
and virtues of the illustrious patriot, by whose exertions, under Providence, that repub’ic started into existence. This, too, is to be taken from 
temple once dedicated to the Goddess of Peace, as an emblem of that friendship which should always exist among nations, whatever may 
be the difference of their forms of government or their modes of faith. If foreign Governments choose to honor the memory of Washing¬ 
ton by presenting a stone to be placed in his monument, could any reasonable objection be made ? And would it not, as in the case before 
us be a striking evidence of the profound esteem and respect which they entertain for the character of the father of American independence? 
But, says this pamphleteer, the inscription is inappropriate and sinister. It should not have been from “ Rome to America,” but, I pre¬ 
sume from the Pope of Rome, as a tribute of respect to the memory of Washington. And would that have been less fatal to the cause of 
Protestantism in this country, about which he is so terribly excited and alarmed, and to prevent which he is laboring to get up a crusade 
and excite sectarian prejudice against the admission of a block of marble from the Pope, by circulating everywhere, in the form of a two¬ 
penny pamphlet, the crudities of a distempered brain and a morbid and bigoted mind. Had the author of the address, and those who side 
with him in his Guixotic tilt at a windmill, contributed liberally to the erection of the monument, his unwarrantable effort to excite sectarian 
prejudice would be more excusable ; but up to the present moment, as far as I can learn, he has not contributed the paring of a nail to this 

Patn in conclusion, it may be proper to state that the officers and members of the Board of Managers of the Monument Society are, with a 
sinele exception, Protestants. They have never permitted sectarian prejudice or party feeling to have the least influence on their actions- 
while carrying into effect the noble and disinterested design of their organization. From those who felt disposed to honor the memory of 
the Father of his Country, whether Catholic or Protestant, Whig or Democrat, that aid has been cheerfully received; because, m an effort 
to honor the memory of Washington, all such narrow sentiments should be banished to a sightless distance from the mind. 

A PROTESTANT AND A MEMBER. 


Washington, May 1 th , 1852. 






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The Washington Monument 
Dedicated February 21, 1885 






History of the Washington Monument 

H MORE beautiful site for the Monument could not be selected. The 
terrace, 17 feet high, on which the Mbnument stands, is surrounded by 
41 acres. The square was designated on L’Enfant’s plan of the city of 
Washington as the site for the proposed equestrian monument to Washington, 
which was ordered by the Continental Congress in 1783 and selected by Wash¬ 
ington for a Monument to the American Revolution. 

The day after the mortal remains of George Washington were committed 
to the tomb at Mount Vernon, December 19, 1799, a committee of both Houses 

of Congress was appointed to deliberate over a 
proper method of honoring his memory, and on 
December 24 of the same year the following 
resolution was passed: 

“That a marble monument be erected, by 
the United States at the City of Washington, 
and that the family of General Washington 
be requested to permit his body to be de¬ 
posited under it, and that the monument be 
so designed as to commemorate the great 
events of his military and political life.” 

President Adams asked Mrs. Washington to 
consent to the reinterment of her husband’s re¬ 
mains beneath a monument to be .erected by the 
Government. 

Mrs. Washington replied: 

“Taught by the great example I have so long 
had before me never to oppose my private wishes 
to the public will, I must consent to the request 
which Congress had the goodness to transmit to me; and in so doing I need not—I 
cannot—say what a sacrifice of individual feeling I make to a sense of public duty.” 

In 1816 a committee was appointed to prepare a suitable receptacle to be 
placed in the foundations of the Capitol. The brother of General Washington, 
however, refused permission to remove the remains, saying: “It was in accord¬ 
ance with his expressed wish that he was committed to the family vault at 
Mount Vernon, and his will is a law to me that I dare not disobey.” In 1832 
the proposition was renewed to John Augustine Washington, but he, too, refused 
to allow the remains to be removed from their hallowed resting place. The 
following year prominent citizens organized the Washington National Monu¬ 
ment Society, with Chief Justice Marshall as President. Bids for the design 
of the Memorial were restricted to “durability, simplicity, grandeur, harmon¬ 
iously blended.” The design accepted was by Robert Mills. Many of the 
stones used in the construction of the Monument were cut and polished at the 
stone plant of Matthew G. Emery who was the last Mayor of the City of 
Washington and ex-officio Vice President of the Washington National Monu¬ 
ment Society. 

The corner stone was laid July 4, 1848, and the work steadily progressed 
until 1854 when the shaft reached the height of 150 feet. Subsequently an 
addition was made, bringing the Monument to a height of 154 feet at a cost of 
$300,000. At that time Complications of a political nature arose in the man¬ 
agement of the Society, whose treasury was exhausted, and the Monument stood 
incomplete for years. Work was resumed in 1878 as a result of Congressional 
appropriations and the mammoth column was completed December 6, 1884. 
It was dedicated February 21, 1885. 






George WASHINGTON * rom Paintin S in Executive Mansion 




View from the Monument 

The Monument is visible for many miles in all directions. Its lofty dignity, 
on an eminence close to the banks of the Potomac, dominates that historic 
approach to the Capital far to the south between the Maryland and Virginia 
shores. It is surrounded by forty acres of beautiful sloping mounds and terraces, 
and but a fractional distance from the Jeffersonian meridian, which passes due 
north and south through the center of the White House, and due east and 
west through the center of the Capitol. (See the stone at the Monument mark¬ 
ing the meridian.) By the laws of perspective parallel lines converge as they 
disappear, and from the top landing of the Monument, five hundred feet in 
height, the base of the Monument appears smaller than the top. The bird’s-eye 
view from this height presents the scenes and buildings in a reduced size, and 
bring before the eye the whole city in miniature. Broad streets and avenues, 
handsome residences, Government buildings, and magnificent parks, combine to 
produce a National scene of interest to every citizen in America. 

Prom the North Window.— Half a mile away is a group of three build¬ 
ings ; in the center the White House; toward the east the Treasury • toward the 
west the State and War Departments. The broad avenue running east and 
west and north of the three buildings is Pennsylvania Avenue. The mag¬ 
nificent park opposite the White House is Lafayette Square, facing which are 
homes of National and International historical interest. There is a group of 
new buildings on Seventeenth Street, successively, Navy, Pan American, D. A. R. 
Hall, Red Cross and Corcoran Art Gallery. 

From the South Window.— The conspicuous feature south is the historic 
Potomac, beloved by Washington. It flows past Alexandria, visible on a clear 
day though ofttimes smoke capped from the great railway terminals on the 
north. Washington worshipped in Christ Church, Alexandria. The Potomac 
flows on past Mount Vernon, George Washington’s home and final resting place. 
The river is spanned at Washington by the new Highway and Railway bridges, 
the Gateway to the south. Maryland and Virginia are separated by the Potomac 
and the country in both states is historic ground. Southeast is the Bureau 
of Engraving and Printing; close by to the east are the Smithsonian Institution 
of Engraving and Printing. St. Elizabeth, Government Insane Asylum, is on 
the Maryland bank. 

From the East Window.— The Department of Agriculture with its west, 
center and east wings, then the Smithsonian Institution, the old National 
Museum (the new Museum is to the north of it), the Botanic Gardens and 
beyond the Capitol is the bronze-domed Congressional Library, Northeasterly 
are the Government Printing Office and the red-bricked Pension Bureau. The 
square-towered Postoffice Department building is nearby. In the distant suburbs 
are the> Soldiers’ Home buildings. 

From the West Window.— Lincoln Memorial is close by. Beyond in Vir¬ 
ginia is Arlington, the National Cemetery, once the famous Lee residence, with 
its new Amphitheatre. Fort Myer adjoins it. The Arlington wireless towers are 
rear. On a clear day the Blue Ridge Mountains are visible seventy miles dis¬ 
tant, Northwesterly is Georgetown, part of Washington, where old Georgetown 
University is located. 

Washington National Monument Society was organized in 1833. Incor¬ 
porated 1859. Under Act of Congress approved August 2, 1876, the Society 
formally conveyed to. the United States all the property rights and ease¬ 
ments belonging to it in the Monument, the conveyance “being legally 
recorded in the proper court register.” 



Bureau of Engraving THE NATION^ MEMORIAL Potomac River 

and Printing 

The Monument The Ellipse and Potomac Park 








The Cornerstone 

The cornerstone was laid July 4, 1848. The topmost stone of the pyramid 
was set December 6, 1884. The monument was dedicated February 21, 1885. 

INSCRIPTION ON COPPER PLATE COVERING DEPOSIT RECESS IN THE 
CORNER STONE OF THE MONUMENT 

4th July, 1776. 

Declaration of Independence of the United States of America. 

4th July, 1848. 

This Cornerstone Laid of a Monument by the People of the United States to the 
Memory of George Washington. 

James K. Polk, President of the United States and ex Officio President of the 

Board of Managers. 

William Brent, 1st Vice-President. 

AVilliam W. Seaton, Mayor of Washington, 2d Vice-President. 

General A. Henderson; 3d Vice-President. 

J. B. H. Smith, Treasurer. 

George Watterston, Secretary. 

Also gives the Board of Managers, Building Committee, and Committee of 
Arrangements. 

The gavel used in the ceremony of laying the cornerstone was the same 
used by George Washington in laying the cornerstone of the Capitol. 

IN THE RECESS OF THE CORNER STONE 
Deposited July 4, 1848 

A great variety of appropriate articles were placed in the cornerstone. 
They included documents relating to the Monument, and to the city of Wash¬ 
ington; official publications bearing on a variety of subjects for many years 
past; magazines, newspapers, historical letters, papers of patriotic societies, 
maps and money. Among the articles were: Historical sketch of the Wash¬ 
ington National Monument Society since its origin; copy of the grant for the 
site of the Monument under the joint resolution of Congress; Constitutions of 
the Washington National Monument Society, with circulars, bond forms, etc., 
from 1835 to 1848; large designs of the Washington Monument, with facsimile 
signatures of Presidents and others; Portrait of Washington, from Stuart’s 
painting (see illustration) ; small design of Monument, with blank certificates 
for contributors; copies of the Constitution and Declaration of Independence; 
Presidents’' Messages to date of cornerstone laying; Likenesses of all Presidents 
and their Inaugural Addresses to same date; Daguerreotype Likenesses of 
General and Mrs. Washington by John S. Grubb, Alexandria, Va.; Silver medal 
representing General Washington and the National Monument by Jacob Seegar; 
"The Washington Monument, Shall it be Built?” by J. S. Lyon; Holy Bible, 
presented by the Bible Society, instituted 1816; Census Statistics for the 
United States; "The Temple of Liberty,” ornamented and lettering arranged 
so that Washington’s name may be spelled more than 1,000 times in connection, 
by John Kilborn; American silk flag; Coat-of-arms of the Washington Family, 
by Airs. Jane Charlotte Washington; Facsimile of Washington’s Accounts; 
copies of Claypole’s American Daily Advertiser and the Philadelphia Gazette 
containing full accounts of Washington’s death and funeral, the official proceed¬ 
ings of Congress in this connection, etc., "Vindication of General Washington, 
etc.,” by Joseph Ritner, Governor of Pennsylvania, with a letter to Daniel 
Webster and the latter’s reply, printed in 1841. 



Strengthening the Foundation 

“Finest Piece of Engineering: known to the World ’’ 


Commenced January 28, 1879 Completed May 29, 1880 

Cost $94,474 









Construction 

The Washington Monument is a colossal obelisk of mammoth proportion 
towering majestically above the National Capital, which is alike commemorative 
of the “Father of his Country.” It stands today the loftiest memorial elevation 
in the world, and is the most imposing and costly monument ever erected to man. 
It is a memorial to the Hero, the Soldier, the Patriot, the Statesman, and a per¬ 
petual tribute of a grateful people to that great and overshadowing figure in the 
nation’s history—George Washington. 

The Monument is a massive shaft of pure white marble and granite, capped 
by an aluminum pyramid which makes it visible by night as well as by day. The 
tapering design of graceful magnificent proportions reaches skyward over five 
hundred and fifty-five feet, and looks down upon the city founded by, and 
named for, Washington. 


How the Base Was Built 

From the early days of the construction there had been apprehension that 
the foundation of the Monument was not of sufficient size to sustain the column 
if carried to the height originally designed. In 1877, a joint commission of 
Congress reported that the existing foundation was of insufficient spread and 
depth to sustain the weight of the completed structure, but that it was feasible 
to bring the foundation to the required stability by hooping in the earth upon 
which it stood. The weakness of the old foundation lay in the fact that it was 
too shallow and covered an area of ground insufficient to sustain the pressure 
of the completed work. The strengthening consisted in the enlargement of the 
foundation by spreading it over a greater area and sinking it a greater depth 
into the earth. The work of excavating beneath the Monument was commenced 
January 28, 1879, and the new foundation was finished May 29, 1880. The 
cost of the new enlarged foundation amounted to $94,474. 

The foundations of the Monument, which bear a weight of 81,120 tons, are 
constructed of solid blue rock. Each block is 146 feet 6 inches square and 36 
feet 8 inches deep. 

The base of the shaft is 55 feet square. The lower walls are 15 feet thick. 
The depth of the foundation below the floor is 57 feet. 

The Weight 

The weight is so distributed that, subjected to a wind pressure of 100 
pounds per square foot on any face, corresponding to a wind velocity of 145 
miles per hour, the Monument would have a large factor of safety against over¬ 
turning. The proportions of this grandest monumental column ever erected 
in any age follow the ratio dimensions of the several parts of the ancient Egyp¬ 
tian obelisks. During all the work on the enormous shaft not three-eighths of an 
inch deflection has been found —a remarkably slight movement when the mag¬ 
nitude of the structure is considered. 

Its total weight, including foundation and earth upon it, is 81,120 tons. 
The mean pressure of the monument is 5 tons per square foot. 



The Washington Monument 

1854-Incomplete-1878 

154 Feet at a Cost of $300,000 


















Laying the Blocks 

The marble blocks were cut or “dressed” in the most careful manner, and 
laid in courses of two feet by experienced and skilful workmen. There is no 
“filling” or “backing” between the granite and marble blocks, but they are all 
closely joined. The work is declared “the best piece of masonry in the world.” 

Thickness of Walls 

The lower walls are 15 feet thick. At the 500-foot elevation, where the 
pyramidal top begins, the walls are only 18 inches thick and about 35 feet 
square. The inside of the walls, as far as they were constructed before the work 
was undertaken by the Government in 1878—150 feet from the base—is of 
blue granite, not laid in courses. From this point to within a short distance 
of the beginning of the top or roof, the inside of the walls is of regular courses 
of granite, corresponding with the courses of marble on the outside. For the 
top, marble is entirely used. The facing of the walls is pure white marble, 
brought from Beaver Dam quarry, Baltimore County, Maryland. 

Number of Stones Used 

The estimated number of stones in the shaft is 23,000. 

Height 

From foundation bed to top the great shaft measures 592 feet; its actual 
height above ground is 555 feet 4 inches. It is over 596 feet above the mean 
level of the Atlantic at Sandy Hook, New York, and 597 feet 3 inches above 
mean low water in the Botomac. The entire height has been made ten times 
the breadth. 

SWAYING OF THE MONUMENT 
Vibration Caused by Sun’s Rays, High Winds, and Earth Disturbances 

The towering Washington Monument, solid as it is, can not resist the heat 
of the sun, poured on its southern side on a midsummer ’sf day, without a slight 
bending of the gigantic shaft. This is rendered perceptible by means of a 
copper wire, 174 feet long, hanging in the center of the structure, and carrying 
a plummet suspended in a vessel of water. At noon in summer the apex of 
the Monument, 550 feet above the ground, is shifted, by expansion of the stone, 
a few hundredths of an inch toward the north. High winds cause perceptible 
motions of the plummet, and in still weather delicate vibrations of the crust of 
the earth, otherwise unperceived, are registered by it. 

During an electrical storm on July 13, 1899, lightning struck the Monu¬ 
ment. The fluid followed the conducting columns in the interior of the shaft 
down to the 50-foot landing, where it left the northwest column, struck the 
floor plates in rear of the elevator, and exploded; thence into the engine-room 
on the pipes or wires, where the only damage done was the burning out of the 
magneto coil of the telephone, which broke the connection between the engine- 
room and the boiler-house. 

It is a coincidence that each time the Monument has been struck by lightning 
the fluid has left the columns about the same place. On the afternoon of May 
3, 1900, a man who was standing on the lower floor of the Monument, and lean¬ 
ing against one of the iron columns which support the stairways, received quite 
a heavy shock of electricity in his arm and shoulder. Two men who were look¬ 
ing out of one of the windows at the top at the same time reported that the 
flash seemed to come in the window over their heads. They were blinded for a 
moment. No damage was done. The iron columns referred to act as lightning 
conductors, the lightning rods on the outside of the pyramidion being connected 
with them for that purpose. 



Hoisting the Cap-Stone, Dec. 3, 1884. 




























































































































































































































































































































































































Apex of the Monument 


THE CAP STONE 

INSCRIPTIONS ON ALUMINUM POINT 
CROWNING THE MONUMENT 

North Face.— Joint Commission at setting of Cap Stone: Chester A. 
Arthur; W. W. Corcoran, Chairman; M. E. Bell, Edward Clark, John Newton. 
Act of August 2nd, 1876. 

West Face.— Corner Stone Laid on Bed of Foundation July 4th, 1848. 
First Stone at Height of 152 Feet, Laid August 7th, 1880. Cap Stone Set 
December 6th, 1884. 

South Face.— Chief Engineer and Architect, Thos. Lincoln Casey, Colonel 
Corps of Engineers. Assistants, George W. Davis, Captain 14th Infantry; 
Bernard R. Green, Civil Engineer; Master Mechanic, P. H. McLaughlin. 

East Face. — Laus Deo. 

Story of the Placing of the Pyramidal Cap that Completed the Great Shaft 

The topmost stone of the pyramidion was placed in position December 6, 
1884. It weighs 3,300 pounds. From the base to the top is 5 feet 244 inches. 
Its height on the outer face is 4 feet 5^ inches, with a 7-inch shoulder to bind 
on each side, extending I0y 2 inches below. The base is 3 feet and a fraction 
square and 5 inches in diameter at the top, where the aluminum top fits in. 
The latter is 9 inches in height and 4 y 2 inches at the base, with a weight of 100 
ounces. This forms the top stone or cap. 

The keystone that binds the interior ribs of stone supporting the marble 
facing of the pyramidal cap of the Monument weighs nearly 5 tons. It is 4 
feet 6 inches high and 3 feet 6 inches square at the top. 

MASONIC PARTICIPATION 

The sides of the keystone were finished in the usual shape of keystones, but 
above the wedge, which keys and completes the arch, is a perpendicular exten¬ 
sion to brace the' interior stone blocks. When it was set two prominent Masons 
of Washington ascended to the top of the Monument, and, with a small trowel 
used on many occasions of Masonic cornerstone laying, helped to spread the 
mortar binding the arch under the keystone. 


Memorial Tablets 


30 Feet FIRST LANDING East 

P Presented by George Watterston, Secretary Washington National Monu¬ 
ment Society, as a testimonial of His Gratitude and Veneration, A. D. 1849. 

2. Presented by the National Greys of Washington, D. C. 

3. Presented by the Franklin Fire Company of Washington, D. C. Insti- 
tuted-A. D. 1827. ‘‘We strive to save.” 

4. Little Falls Quarry, District of Columbia. Presented by Timothy 
O’Neale. 

5. Delaware. First to Adopt Will Ee the Last to Desert the Constitution; 

1849. 

6. Maine. 

40 Feet SECOND LANDING West 

7. Presented by the Columbia Typographical Society, Instituted January, 
1815, ‘‘As a Memento of the Veneration of Its Members for 1 the ‘Father of His 
Country.’ ” 

8. Association of Journeymen Stone Cutters of Philadelphia. July 9th, 

1850. “United We Stand.” (Slightly mutilated.) 

9. Presented by the German Benevolent Society of the city of Washington, 
D. C. Instituted October 3rd, 1836. Incorporated July 27, 1842. As a Memento 
of the Veneration of Its Members for the Father of His Country. 

10. Alabama. A Union of Equality as Adjusted by the Constitution. 

11. The State of Louisiana, Ever Faithful to the Constitution and the 
Union. 

12. Nashville, Tennessee. 

50 Feet THIRD LANDING East 

13. Washington Light Infantry, Washington, D. C. Organized September 
12, 1836. Presented October 19, 1850. 

14. Grand Lodge of Masons, District of Columbia. Our Brother George 
Washington. 

15. Illinois. State Sovereignty, National Union. 

16. Presented by Washington Naval Lodge, No. 4, Ancient York Masons. 
J. Nokes, C. W. Davis, Committee. 

17. State of Georgia. The Union As It Was. The Constitution As It Is. 

18. Indiana. Knows No North, No South, Nothing but the Union. 



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60 Feet FOURTH LANDING West 

19. Presented by Anacostia Tribe, No. 3, I. O. R. M., D. C., on the 3rd Sun 
of the 3x7 Suns Worm Moon G. S. 5610. 

20. I. 0. 0. F. Grand Lodge of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows of 
the State of New Jersey to the Memory of Washington, The Father of His 
Country, We Command You to Visit the Sick, Relieve the Distressed, Bury the 
Dead, and Educate the Orphans. F. L. T. 

21. Westmoreland County, Virginia. The Birth Place of Washington. 

22. (The surface and inscription of this stone entirely decayed). 

23. New Hampshire. 

24. South Carolina. (Slightly mutilated.) 

70 Feet FIFTH LANDING East 

25. Presented by the Grand Division, Sons of Temperance, State of Vir¬ 
ginia, 1850. Hand in Hand Union. 

26. “God and Our Native Land.” United Sons of America, Instituted, 
18.45. Pennsylvania. “Usque ad Mortem.” “Lente Caute Firme.” 

27. Grand Division S. T. North Carolina. “Love, purity, fidelity.” (De¬ 
caying.) 

28. Connecticut. “Qui Transtulit, Sustinet.” (Stone decaying.) 

29. Massachusetts. “Ence Petit Placidam Sub Libertate Quietem.” 

30. 1776. New Jersey. 

80 Feet SIXTH LANDING West 

31. To George Washington by the Maryland Pilgrims Association. Organ¬ 
ized Balto. 1847. 

32. R. W. Grand Lodge of the I. O. 0. F., Indiana. In God We Trust. Con¬ 
stitutional Liberty, The Earth for Its Domain and Eternity for Its Duration. 

33. By the Invincible Fire Co., No. 5, Cincinnati, Ohio. 1850. The 
Memory of Washington. 

34. Maryland. The Memorial of Her Regard for the Father of His Country 
and of her Cordial, Habitual and Immovable Attachment to the American Union 
“Crescite et Multiplicamini.” 

35. The City of Washington to Its Founder. 

36. Virginia Who Gave Washington to America Gives this Granite for His 
Monument. (Stone showing signs of decay.) 





















90 Feet SEVENTH LANDING East 

37. From the Mechanics of Raleigh, N. C. (Decaying, indistinct.) 

38. The Odd Fellows of Ohio to the Memory of Washington. “Honor, 
Veritatis et Benevolentiae Pretium Permanebit,” (Stone shows marks of decay.) 

39. Little Rock, Arkansas. (Marks of decay.) 

40. The State of Mississippi to the Father of His Country. A. D. 1850. 

41. The State of Ohio. The Memory of Washington and the Union of the 
States. “Sunte Perpetua.” 

42. The Tribute of Missouri to the Memory of Washington and a Pledge of 
Her Fidelity to the Union of the States. (Some of the lettering mutilated.) 

100 Feet EIGHTH LANDING West 

43. To the Father of His Country. Presented by the Independent Order 
of United Brothers of the State of Maryland, A. D. 1851. (Mutilated.) 

44. From the Home of Knox by Citizens of Thomaston, Maine. 

45. Contributed by Grand Lodge, I. O. O. F., Virginia. A. D. 1851. 
(Mutilated.) 

46. “Hope. 5 ’ Rhode Island. 

47. North Carolina, Declaration of Independence. Mecklenburg, May, 
1775 “Constitution.” 

48. Wisconsin. Admitted May 29, 1848. 

110 Feet NINTH LANDING East 

49. In Token Of Respect for Washington As a Free Mason. By the Grand 
Lodge of Ohio. 

50. Peter Force. 

51. By The Grand Lodge of Kentucky To The Memory of Washington, The 
Christian Mason. (Shows signs of decay.) 






















































52. The Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of New 
York. Nelson Randall, Grand Master. William H. Milner, Ezra S. Barnum, 
Finlay M. King, Committee. (Slightly mutilated.) 

53. Iowa. Her Affections, Like The Rivers Of Her Borders, Flow To An 
Inseparable Union. 

54. Nov. 12, 1852. From the Postmasters and Assistant Postmasters Of 
The State of Indiana. Dedicated to The Washington Monument, Washington. 
“May His Principles Be Distributed Broadcast Over The Land,” etc. 

120 Feet TENTH LANDING West 

55. Patmos Lodge No. 20, Masons. Ellicott Mills, Md., Feb. 22d, 1852. 

56. I. 0. of 0. F. Philomathean Lodge, No. 10. Mount Airy Lodge, No. 235. 
Walker Lodge, No. 306. Mount Horeb Encampment, No. 18. Germantown, 
Penna. MDCCCL. 

57. S. of T. R. I. 

58. City of Roxbury, Mass. The Birth Place of Gen. Joseph Warren. 

59. California. Youngest Sister of the Union Brings Her Golden Tribute 
to the Memory of Its Father. 

60. From the City of Frederick, Md. (Inscription illegible.) 

130 Feet ELEVENTH LANDING East 

61. Mount Lebanon Lodge, No. 226, A. Y. M., of Lebanon, Pennsylvania, 
Present This Block of Native Marble As A Testimony Of Their Veneration And 
Respect For The Character And Services Of George Washington. A. L 5851 
A. D. 1851. 

62. Durham, New Hampshire. 

63. Washington Lodge No. 21, Of The City of New York. Instituted A. L. 
5800. (Shows signs of mutilation.) 







64. By the Grand Lodge of Ancient, Free and Accepted Masons of Maryland. 
Benj. O. Howard, M. W. P. G. M, Chas. H. Ohr, M. D. M. W. G. M., Enoch S. Court¬ 
ney, R. W. J. G. W., Jno. W. Ball, R. W. J. G. W., Jos. Robinson, R. W. G. S., Samson 
Cariss, R. W. G. T., Chas. Gilman, M. W. P. G. M., Thos. H. Hicks, R. W. D. G. M., 
J. N. Mcjilton, D. D. W. G. C., Chas. B. Purnell, W. G. M. Com. to procure this stone: 
Chas. H. Ohr, M. D., J. N. Mcjilton, D. D., Alex. Gaddess, D. A. Piper, R. W. P. S. 
G. W., Wm. Bayley. 1850. 

65. Oakland College, Mississippi. 1851. 

66. Corporation of the City of New York. 1852. 

67. From The Alumni of Washington College, at Lexington, Virginia. The 
Only College Endowed By The Father of His Country. 

68. From the Grand Division, Sons of Temperance, State Of Connecticut, 
A Tribute To The Memory of Washington. “Love, Purity, Fidelity.” 

69. Union Society, Hillsborough, North Carolina. 

70. American Institute of the City of New York. Incorporated For The 
Purpose Of Encouraging And Promoting Domestic Industry In Agriculture, 
Commerce, Manufacture, And The Arts. 

71. American Whig Society, College Of New Jersey, Princeton. A Tribute 
to Washington. 

72. I. 0. O. F., Massachusetts. 

140 Feet TWELFTH LANDING West 

73. From Walter Gwynn, D. S. Walton, E. Lorraine, Wash’n Gill, John C. 
McRae, J. M. Harris, W. G. Turpin, Engineers 2nd Divis’n Jas. River and Kana 
Canal. 

74. Company I, 4th Regiment Infantry, U. S. A. 1st March, 1851. 

75. From Otter’s Summit, Virginia’s Loftiest Peak, To Crown A Monument 
To Virginia’s Noblest Son. 













76. From Fort Greene, Battle Ground Of Long Island. A Tribute 
From The Fort Green Guard of Brooklyn. 1854. 

77. Masonic Grand Lodge of Illinois. 1853. (Slightly mutilated.) 

78. New York. Presented By Masterton And Smith, Morgan’s Marble, 
Westchester County. 

79. “Prosunt Omnibus.” Grand Lodge of Georgia, Founded A. D. 1785. 
"Fratrem Meminisse” 1852. Georgia marble. 

80. Anno 1850. By the City of Baltimore: 

May Heaven To This Union Continue Its Beneficence; May Brotherly Affection 
With Union Be Perpetual; May The Free Constitution Which Is The Work Of Our 
Ancestors Be Sacredly Maintained And Its Administration Be Stamped With Wisdom 
And With Virtue. 

81. Grand Lodge of Alabama. A. D. VDCCCXXI. Alabama Marble. Pre¬ 
sented by the Most Worshipful Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted 
Masons of the State of Alabama to The National Monument Society, Dec. 6th, 
A. L. 5849. 

82. Pennsylvania. From D. 0. HitneUs Quarry, Montgomery County. F. 
Derr, Norristown. 

150 Feet THIRTEENTH LANDING East 

Thirteenth platform, height 150 feet, is where the Government began its 
work of finishing the monument. No tablets. 

160 Feet FOURTEENTH LANDING West 

83. Presented by Eureka Lodge, 177, I. O. O. F., City of New York. 

84. New York. "Excelsior.” 

85. Newark, N. J. (Ornamental sculpture mutilated in several places.) 

86. Presented by Athenian Lodge 268, I. 0. of 0. F. of Troy, N. Y. 

87. Warren, R. I. 

88. Our Tribute. Lafayette Lodge, No. 64, F. A. M. New York City. 
Sept. 16, A. L. 5853. A. D. 1853. 


























170 Feet FIFTEENTH LANDING East 

89. Vermont. “Freedom and Unity.” 

90. Sicut Patribus Sit.Deus Nobis. ' Civitatis Regimine Donata A. D. 1822. 
Bostonia. Condita. A. D. 1630. 

91. Salem, Massachusetts. 

92. Charlestown. The Bunker Hill Battle Ground. 

93. New Bedford, Mass. 1851. 

91. Washington Lodge of F. and A. M. ? Roxbury, Mass. 

180 Feet SIXTEENTH LANDING West 

95. “Liberty Independence Virtue.” Pennsylvania. Founded (1681). 
By Deeds of Peace. 

96. Declaration of Independence, Philadelphia, July 4th, 1776. Corpora¬ 
tion of the City of Philadelphia. 

97. Grand Lodge of Penna, A. Y. M. “Ad Majorem Supremi Architecte 
Gloriam. ” 'Holiness to the Lord. From the Key Stone State, A. D. 1851. A. 
L. 5851. (Slightly mutilated.) 

98. The Surest Safeguards of the Liberty of Our Country Total Abstinence 
from All that Intoxicates. Sons of Temperance of Pennsylvania. 

99. I. 0. O. F. (Indecipherable.) 

190 Feet SEVENTEENTH LANDING East 

100. To the Memory of Washington. The Free Swiss Confederation. 

MDCCCLII. 

101. Greece. (See translation.) 

302. Siam. 

103. Brazil, 1878. 

104. (See translation.) 

105. Turkey. (See translation.) 

106. Presented by the Governor and Commune of the Islands of Paros and 
Naxos, Grecian Archipelago, Aug. 13th, 1855. 

200 Feet EIGHTEENTH LANDING West 

107. From the Templars of Honor and Temperance. Organized Dec. 5th, 
1845. “Truth, Love, Purity, and Fidelity.” Our Pledge: 

“We will not make, buy, sell or use as a beverage, any spirituous or malt 
liquors, Wine, Cider, or any other Alcoholic Liquor; and will discountenance their 
manufacture, traffic and use, and this pledge we will maintain unto the end of 
life.” 

Supreme Council of the Templars of Honor and Temperance. 1846. 

108. By the Grand Lodge of Ancient Free and Accepted Masons of Vir¬ 
ginia. Lo! She gave to this Republic the Chief Corner Stone. Aug. 4, A. L. 
5754. 

109. Grand Lodge of Maryland I. O. O. F. “Friendship, Love and Truth.” 
(With officers for the year 1850.) (Slightly mutilated.) 

110. Presented by the G. L. of the U. S. We command you to visit the sick 
relieve the distressed, bury the dead, and educate the Orhpan. Grand Lodge of 
the United States of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. 

111. Presented by St. John’s Lodge, No. 36, F. A. A. M., Richmond, Va. 

112. Richmond, Virginia. 

113. West Virginia. “Tuum Nos Sumus Monumentum.” 


210 Feet NINETEENTH LANDING East 

114. Grand Lodge of Iowa, A. F. and A. M., 1876. 

115. Michigan. An emblem of her trust in the Union. 

116. Grand Division of Ohio, Sons of Temperance, 4 ‘Love, Purity, and 
Fidelity.” 

117. Presented by the Grand Division on behalf of the Sons of Temper¬ 
ance of Illinois, January 1st, 1855. Grand Division, State of Illinois, S. of T. 
Inst. Jan. 8, 1847. ‘'Love, Purity, and Fidelity.” 

118. I. O. 0. F. Grand Lodge of Mississippi. 

119. The Grand Lodge of the State of Mississippi To Their W. Brother 
George Washington. 

120. The Grand Lodge of Ancient Free Masons of the State of Arkansas. 
"Ad gloriam fratris nostri et patris patriae.” 

121. Kansas. Kansas Territory, Organized May 20, 1851. State admitted 
January 29, 1861. 

220 Feet TWENTIETH LANDING West 

122. All of our Country. Nevada, 1881. 

123. Nebraska’s Tribute. "Equality Before the Law.” 

124. Chinese inscription. (See translation.) 

125. Japanese memorial stone. (See translation.) 

126. Tribute of Wyoming Territory. To The Memory Of Him Who By 
Universal Consent Was Chief Among The Founders Of The Republic. 

127. Holiness to the Lord. Deseret. 

1128. Minnesota. 

A129. Cherokee Nation, 1850. 

130. Montana. "Oroy Plata,” 

131. State of Oregon. The Union. 

230 Feet TWENTY-FIRST LANDING East 

132. The Grand Lodge of I. O. O. F. of Kentucky, "In Union there is 
strength. ’ ’ 

133. Under the Auspices of Heaven and the Precepts of Washington, Ken¬ 
tucky will be the Last to give up The Union. "United we stand, divided we 
fall.” (Mutilated.) 

134. Georgia Convention, 1850. "Wisdom, Justice, Moderation.” 

135. From Hawkins County, Tennessee. 

136. Presented by the Grand Lodge of the State of Florida. 

137. Tennessee. "The Federal Union, it must Be Preserved.” 

240 Feet TWENTY-SECOND LANDING West 

138. American Medical Association. Instituted MDCCCXLVlf. Vincit 
Amor Patriae. (Symbolical figures mutilated.) 

139. The Grand Assembly of the Presbyterian Church in the United States 
of America in Session in Washington City, May, 1852. 

140. Presented by Tuscarora Tribe, No. 5. To Pater Patriae 7th Sun, 
Hunting Moon Grand Sun 5615. Improved Order Red Men, D. C. 

141. From the Battle Ground Long Island, 1776. Kings County N Y 
1853. 

142. Wales. Fy Iaith, Fy Ngwlad, Fy Nghenedl. Cymry am byth. 
(Translated.) 

143. Presented by the Association of the Oldest Inhabitants of the District 
of Columbia, July 4th, 1870. 

144. Presented by the United American Mechanics, Penna. 

145. From Braddock’s Field. 


250 Feet 


TWENTY-THIRD LANDING 


East 


146. Wilmington, North Carolina. Thalian Association. 

147. Philadelphia Engine Companies: 

Hibernia, Northern Liberty, Vigilant, Delaware, Harmony, Reliance, Assistance, 
America, Diligent, Kensington, Franklin, Washington of Frankford, Humane, Washing¬ 
ton, Friendship, Columbia, Hope. Hose Companies: Good Intent, Resolution, Humane, 
Perseverance, Neptune, Hope, Columbia, Southwark, Washington, Phoenix, Diligent, 
United States, Niagara, Northern Liberty, America, William Penn, Robert Morris. 

148. Presented by the Department of Philadelphia. 1854. (Mutilated.) 

149. Engine Companies : 

Philadelphia, Weccacoe, Good Will, Decatur, United States, Fellowship of German¬ 
town, Good Intent, Globe, Fair Mount, Southwark, Mechanic, Western. Hose Com¬ 
panies: Independence, Pennsylvania, Lafayette, Marion, Schuylkill, Good Will, Western, 
Movamensing, Franklin, Weccacoe, Kensington, Shiftier, Fair Mount, Ringgold. Hook- 
and-Ladder Companies: Empire, Relief. (With names of Committee of Superintend¬ 
ence.) (Tablet broken). 

150. From the citizens of the United States of America Residing in Foo 
Chow Foo, China. Feb. 22, 1857. 

151. The Citizens of Stockton, San Joaquin Co., California. A Tribute of 
•Respect to the Father of Our Country, George Washington. 1859. 

152. Presented to the Washington National Monument by the Proprietors 
of the “Cincinnati Commercial.” J. W. S. Browne and L. G. Curtis. 1850. 

153. From the - (words illegible), Lowell, Mass, 

154. A Tribute from the Teachers of the Buffalo Public Schools. 

155. The Young Men’s Mercantile Library Association of Cincinnati. Or¬ 
ganized A. D. 1805. A. D. 1853. 2,400 Members. Proud to Honor Washington 
Contributes its Humble Quota to the Swelling Tide of National Gratitude. Ohio 
—First Born of the Ordinance of ’87. Every pulsation of the heart beats high, 
beats strong, for Liberty and the LTnion. 

250 Feet TWENTY-FOURTH LANDING West 

156. The Memory of the Just is Blessed. Prov. 10:7. Presented by the 
Children of the Sunday Schools of the Methodist Episcopal Church, in the City 
of New York, Feb. 22, ’55. 

157. Fire Department of the City of New York. Incorporated 20th March, 
1798. 

158. From the Sabbath School Children of the Methodist E. Church in the 
City and Districts of Philadelphia, 4th July, 1853. A Preached Gospel. A Free 
Press. Washington. We revere his memory. “Search the Scriptures.” Suffer 
little children to come unto me and forbid them not for of such is the Kingdom 
of God—Luke XVIII, 16 V. Train up a child in the way he should go, and 
when he is old, he will not depart from it.—Prov. XXII, 6, 5. (Mutilated.) 

159. Washington Erina Guard. Newark, New Jersey. 

160. By The Pupils Of The Public Schools Of The City Of Baltimore, 
A. D. MDCCCLI—(indistinct word)—qui meruit ferat. 

161. Cincinnati Company. Our War Is With The Elements. Roveb. 

162. The Sons of New England And Canada To Washington. (Follows an 
inscription in small letters, the water having defaced the surface of the tablet.) 



270 Feet 


TWENTY-FIFTH LANDING 


East 


163. From the Cliosophic Society, Nassau Hall, N. J. To the Memory of 
Washington, Instituted A. D. 1705. ‘(Symbolic figures slightly mutilated.) 

164. Continental Guard of New Orleans, La. To the Washington Monu¬ 
ment 22nd February, 1856 (follow 163 names). Continental Guard, Organized 
Feb. 22nd, 1855. (Inscription, on account of small lettering, indecipherable.) 

165. Presented by The Employees of R. Norris and Sons, Locomotive Works, 
Philadelphia, Feb. 22nd, 1856. (Ornamental part mutilated.) 

166. From the Home of Stark, By the Ladies of Manchester, N. H. 

167. From the Alexandria Library in Egypt. Brought to this country by 
G. G. Baker. 

168. From the Jefferson Society of the University of Virginia To the Na¬ 
tional AVashington Monument, Jan. 7, 1850. 

280 Feet TWENTY-SIXTH LANDING West 

169. To the Father Of His Country. The Addison Literary Society of the 
Western Military Institute, Drennon, Kentucky. “Non nobis solum, seel patriae 
et amicis.” (Slightly mutilated.) 

170. IJonesdale, Wayne County, Pennsylvania, 1853. 

171. First Regiment of Light Infantry Mass. Vol. Militia. Boston, 1853. 

172. To Washington An Humble Tribute From Two Disciples of Daguerre. 

173. Hibernian Society of Baltimore: 

Hugh Jenkins, Pres., Jacob G. Davis, 1st V. P., William Gwynn, 2nd V. P. Rev. 
James Dolan, Chap’n. S. I. Donaldson, Counsel’r. Dr. J. H. O’Donovan, Dr. D. 
O’Donell, Physicians. Daniel J. Foley, Treasurer. Chas. M. Dougherty, Sec’y. Timothy 
Kelly, John McColgan, Edward Boyle. Chas. Pendergast, Robert Barry, James Kernan, 
Peter A. Kelly, Will Browne, James Mullen, Managers. Michael Roche, P. A. Kelly, J. 
Mullen, Committee. “Memor et Fidelis.” 

174. From the Citizens of Alexandria. Va. The Descendants of the Friends 
and Neighbors of Washington. 1851. 

175. From Jefferson Medical College. By the Class of 1853-4. 

176. “All that Live Must Die.” A Tribute of Respect from the Ladies and 
Gentlemen of the Dramatic Profession of America. 1853. 

(Beyond this landing the inscriptions are few, including) : 

290 Feet. Oklahoma state seal, 1907. Colorado state seal, 1876. Texas 
state seal, 1845. 

300 Feet. Stone presented by state of South Dakota. 

310 Feet. State of Washington seal, 1889. 

330 Feet THIRTY-FIRST LANDING East 

Marble block with the following inscription: Top of Statue on Capitol. 


Translation of Foreign Inscriptions 

Turkey 

105. Inscription translated: “So as to strengthen the friendship between 
the two countries, Abdul-Mejid Kahn has also had his name written on the Monu¬ 
ment to Washington.” These words form a chronogram: “1269-1779 of the 
Hegira.” Above the inscription is a monogram signifying “Abdul-Mejid, son 
of Mahomet Kahn.” Upon a lower corner, “Written by the court poet, Mus- 
tapha Izyt.” Block is of white marble, highly polished, and ornamental. 

Bremen 

“Washington dem Grossen, Guten und Gerechten das befreundete Bremen.” 
.(“Friendly Bremen to the Great, Good, and Just, Washington.”) 

Japan 

125. Inscription translated: “Exported from the Harbor of Simoda, in 
the Province of Isu, the fifth month of the year Ansey Tora,” (April, 1853). 

Greece 

101. Inscription translated. Block of white marble from ruins of the 
Parthenon: “George Washington, the hero, the citizen of the new and illus¬ 
trious liberty; The land of Solon, Themistocles, and Pericles—the mother of 
ancient liberty—sends this ancient stone as a testimony of honor and admira¬ 
tion from the Parthenon.” 

Wales 

“Our language, our country, our birthplace—Wales forever.” 

China 

124. Inscription translated: 

“Su-Ki-Yu, by imperial appointment, Lieutenant-Governor of the Province 
of Fuh Kun, in his Universal Geography says: ‘It is evident that Washington 
was a remarkable man. In devising plans, he was more decided than Chin-Shing 
or Wu-Kang; in, winning a country, he was braver than Tsau-Tsau or Lin Pi. 
Wielding his four-footed falchion, he extended the frontiers thousands of miles, 
and then refused to usurp the regal dignity, or transmit it to his posterity, but 
first established rules for an elective administration. Where in the world can be 
found such a public spirit? Truly, the sentiments of the three dynasties have all 
at once unexpectedly appeared in our day! In ruling the state, he promoted and 
fostered good customs, and did not depend on military merit. In this he differed 
from all other nations. I have seen his portrait; his air and form are grand and 
imposing in a remarkable degree. Ah, who would not call him a hero? The 
United States of America regard it promotive of national virtue generally and 
extensively neither to establish titles of nobility and royalty nor to conform 
to the age, as respects customs and public influence, but instead to deliver over 
their own public deliberations and inventions so that the like of such a nation, 
one so remarkable, does not exist in ancient or modern times. Among the 
people of the Great West can any man, in ancient or modern times, fail to 
pronounce Washington Peerless? This Stone is Presented by a Company of 
Christians and engraved at Ningpu in the Province of Che Heang, China, this 
Third Year of the Reign of the Emperor He-en Fung, Sixth Month and Seventh 
Day” (July 12th, 1853). 

Stone from the Temple of Rome Stolen 

One of the stones contributed was a block of African marble from the 
Temple of Concord of Rome, and was the gift of the Pope. It bore the inscrip¬ 
tion “Rome to America.” In March, 1854, during the Know : Nothing excite¬ 
ment, the lapidarium, where the memorial blocks were kept, was forcibly entered, 
and this stone was taken and, it is supposed, was thrown into the Potomac. A 
reward for its return was offered but the stone up to this date has not been 
recovered, and its hiding place remained a secret. 






Mount Vernon Mansion 

Home of George Washington 
















Christ Church, Alexandria, Ya. 
(Where the Washington Family Worshiped) 



Tomb of Washington at Mount Vernon. 
































Executive Mansion. 





































I) 



The Lincoln Memorial 















Guide to the City of Washington 

Washington, the Capital, was Founded by George Washington. 

“It is a hundred years.since this city, planned by Washington, became the seat of 

government. This whole city is, in a large sense, a. Washington monument.”—(U. S. 

Senator Hoar, of Mass., 1900.) When George Washington was inaugurated President the 

Capital was New York City. It was moved to Philadelphia in 1790, and to its present site on 

the Potomac in 1800. 

CAPITOL, Senate (north wing), Supreme Court, Rotunda and Statuary Hall (in center), 
House of Representatives (south wing). Panels of bronze doors of the Senate 
chamber represent scenes in the life of George Washington. Statue of George 
Washington in Statuary Hall. Capitol cost $16,000,000. Open 9 A. M. to 5 P. M. 
Senate Office Building across Plaza at north; House Office Building at South. 

CONGRESSIONAL LIBRARY. Cost $6,347,000. Open 9 A. M. to 10 P. M. 

NAVY YARD, foot of Eighth Street, S. E. Open 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. 

U. S. MARINE BARRACKS, Eighth and Ninth Streets, S. E., near Navy Yard. Free 
concerts by Marine Band, Mondays, 10 A. M. Guard Mount, 9 A. M. Open 9 
A. M. to 4 P. M. 

WASHINGTON MONUMENT, the Mall, between Fourteenth and Seventeenth Streets, 
S. W. Open 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. 

LINCOLN MEMORIAL, Potomac Park, west of Washington Monument. 

PAN AMERICAN BUILDING, Seventeenth and B Streets N. W. Official international 
organization of all the Republics of the Western Hemisphere and maintained jointly 
by them. Cost $1,100,000, of which Andrew Carnegie contributed $850,000 and the 
American Republics $250,000. Open to the public. 

CONTINENTAL HALL, Daughters of the American Revolution, Seventeenth and D 
Streets, N. W. 

NEW CORCORAN ART GALLERY, Seventeenth and New York Avenue. Open 9 
A. M. to 4 P. M. (On Tuesdays, Thursdays, Saturdays and Sundays the Gallery is 
open to the public free of charge; 25 cents admission fee on other days). 

AMERICAN RED CROSS, Seventeenth and D Streets. 

STATE AND WAR DEPARTMENTS, Seventeenth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue. 
Open 9 A. M. to 2 P. M. Historical archives in State Department library—3rd floor. 

NAVY DEPARTMENT, Potomac Park, Eighteenth and B Streets. 

WHITE HOUSE (Executive Mansion) Pennsylvania Avenue, between Fifteenth and 
Seventeenth Streets. 

TREASURY, 15th and Pennsylvania Avenue (From 11 A. M. to 2 P. M., official guides 
escort visitors from Treasurer’s Office). 

DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE, Vermont Avenue, Fifteenth and K Streets: 

POSTOFFICE DEPARTMENT, Pennsylvania Avenue at Twelfth Street. Washington 
Postoffice, opposite Union Station. 

AGRICULTURE DEPARTMENT, The Mall, between Twelfth and Fourteenth Streets. 

DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Pennsylvania Avenue and Nineteenth Street. 

DEPARTMENT OF LABOR, 1712 G Street. 

INTERIOR DEPARTMENT, Eighteenth and G Streets. (Patent Office, Seventh and 
F. Pension Bureau, Fifth and G Streets. Open 9 A. M. to 2 P. M. 

NATIONAL BOTANIC GARDENS,, Pennsylvania Avenue, west of Capitol Grounds. 

NATIONAL MUSEUM, old National Museum and Smithsonian Institution, The Mall, 
between Seventh and Twelfth. Open 9 A. M. to 4 P. M. 

U. S. FISH COMMISSION, Sixth and B Streets. 

BUREAU OF ENGRAVING AND PRINTING, Fourteenth and B Streets, S. W. 
Open 9 A. M. to 2:30 P. M. (Visitors escorted through except between 11:45 A. M. 
to 12:30 P. M. 

NATIONAL ZOOLOGICAL PARK, northwest suburbs. Open daily. 

U. S. SOLDIERS’ HOME, suburbs, at head of First Street, N. W. Open daily. 

BUILDING IN WHICH LINCOLN DIED, 516 Tenth Street, N. W. Open all day. 

ARLINGTON NATIONAL CEMETERY, by electric cars or automobiles. 

MOUNT VERNON, VA., Washington’s Tomb. Open daily; by electric cars or steamer. 

ALEXANDRIA. Christ Church, where George Washington attended. Open daily. 


LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



0 006 153 812 4 9 

A Monument-Memorial 


Erected to GEORGE WASHINGTON by the Citizens of America. 

CORNER STONE laid July 4, 1848. Cap stone set Dec. 6, 1884. 

DEDICATED Feb. 21, 1885. Opened to the public Oct. 9, 1888. 

COST OF CONSTRUCTION, $1,187,710. Cost of maintenance to June 30, 
1922, $455,655. 

HEIGHT of cap above mean low water, 596 feet 4% inches; height above 
doorsill, 555 feet 5 y 8 inches; side of base, outside, 55 feet iy 2 inches; inside, 
25 feet. 

FOUNDATION: Depth below doorsill (sand and clay), 38 feet; side of 
foundation, 126 feet 6 inches; area of foundation, 16,002.25 square feet. 

WALLS: Thickness—Base, 15 feet 14 inch; top, 18 inches. 

WEIGHT OF CAPSTONE, 3,300 pounds. 

WEIGHT OF MONUMENT, 81,120 tons; mean pressure at base, 5 tons 
per square foot; pressure on foundation nowhere greater per square foot than 
9 tons; near edges, less than 3 tons. 

TAPER OF MONUMENT, 14 inch to 1 foot. 

MEMORIAL STONES, 181 (beginning at 30 feet, stopping at 330 feet). 

STEPS, 898. 

LANDINGS, 50. 

WINDOWS (at top only), 8. 

ELEVATOR (electric) time of travel, 5 minutes; maximum load, 35 per¬ 
sons; weight of car empty, 5,670 pounds; weight of counterweight, 8,040 
pounds; speed, 100 feet per minute; engine governor throws off current at 
105 feet speed per minute; car safety stops car at 150 feet speed per minute; 
elevator tested at 6 tons. 

VISITORS, 5,554,287 persons ascended to the top of the shaft between 
October 9, 1888, and June 30, 1922. During the fiscal year 1922 alone, 252,285 
visitors made the ascent. 
















